Altering a single 0 to a 1 will cause the resulting hash value to be different. A hash generation process involves examining all of the 0’s and 1’s that exist across the sectors examined. Once imaging is completed, any good tool should generate a digital fingerprint of the acquired media, otherwise known as a hash. A good start is to always make sure that the integrity of all evidence is maintained, chain of custody is established, and all relevant hash values are documented. What is important is that you qualify the expert’s experience and that you ensure a rigid process by asking the right questions.
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Suggested protocols for hard drive imaging can be found within guidelines standardized by institutions and organizations like the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).Īs you hire a computer forensics expert, know that he or she can choose among a large number of software and hardware to obtain a forensic image. Also, to avoid accusations of evidence tampering or spoliation, it is a recommended best practice that imaging be performed by an objective third party. If you do not have it performed by a trained professional, you may severely compromise your chances of obtaining admissible evidence as a result of your discovery efforts. The creation of a true forensic hard drive image is a highly detailed process. Imaging the subject media by making a bit-for-bit copy of all sectors on the media is a well-established process that is commonly performed on the hard drive level, hence often referred to as hard drive imaging, bit stream imaging or forensic imaging.
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A forensic image may include a single or multiple hard drives, floppy disk(s), CD(s), Zip drive(s) or DVD(s), plus many other types of storage media that now exist. The same is true for cloning a hard drive. Mirror imaging or ghost imaging does not always generate a true forensic image. A forensic image, is sometimes referred to as a mirror image or ghost image. Thus, before any data analysis occurs, it usually makes sense to create an exact, bit stream copy of the original storage media that exists on the subject computer. The first thing to remember is the “golden rule of electronic evidence” – never, in any way, modify the original media if at all possible. admissible) extraction of any evidence that may exist on the subject computer. When a computer is identified as possibly containing electronic evidence, it is imperative to follow a strict set of procedures to ensure a proper (i.e. (Sometimes referred to as Hard Drive Cloning, Mirror Image or Mirror Imaging)
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